Sustained shoulder elevation posture: an under-recognized functional movement disorder phenotype.

ABSTRACT: Patients with sustained shoulder elevation postures were observed over time in our movement disorders clinic and occasionally reported in literature as variants of dystonia or post-traumatic movement disorders. We retrospectively assessed the clinical records of patients in our movement disorders registry with sustained or fixed shoulder elevation. Their clinical phenomenology, response to treatment and precipitants were investigated. The patients underwent neurophysiologic, genetic and neuropsychologic tests. A PubMed search of cases with similar presentation was performed. Six patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their phenomenology showed a sustained postural abnormality with elevation of one shoulder that often involves neighbouring regions; pain was a common accompanying feature

SUBMITTER: Albanese A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12836432 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature