A Follicle Size Window of Competence for In Vitro Embryo Production in High-Producing Dairy Cows: Evidence from OPU-IVP Performance and Follicular Fluid Profiling.

ABSTRACT: A key objective of the dairy industry is to balance genetic progress with reproductive efficiency. Ovum pick-up followed by in vitro embryo production (OPU-IVP) is a pivotal technology for accelerating genetic gain. However, the relationship between follicle size and oocyte developmental competence in high-producing dairy cows under hormonal stimulation remains to be fully elucidated. This study systematically evaluated the effects of follicle diameter ovum pick-up on OPU-IVP outcomes and the underlying follicular fluid (FF) microenvironment. A total of 109 high-yielding Holstein cows were subjected to ovarian stimulation and OPU. Follicles were categorized as small (2.0-5.9 mm), medium (6.0-9.9 mm), or large (10.0-20.0 mm). Oocyte recovery, quality, and developmental competence were asses

SUBMITTER: Yang M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12837437 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature