Seasonal Variation in PM_2.5 Composition Modulates Oxidative Stress and Neutrophilic Inflammation with Involvement of TLR4 Signaling.

ABSTRACT: Seasonal fluctuations in the chemical composition of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) are known to influence its toxicological properties; however, their integrated biological effects remain incompletely understood. In this study, PM_2.5 was continuously collected over two consecutive years at a single urban site in Japan and classified by season. The samples were comprehensively characterized for ionic species, metals, carbonaceous fractions, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their pulmonary effects were evaluated in vivo following intratracheal administration in mice. Seasonal PM_2.5 exhibited pronounced compositional differences, with higher levels of secondary inorganic aerosol components in summer and enrichment of PAHs and mineral-associat

SUBMITTER: Wang D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12837680 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature