HER2-Low Breast Cancer at the Interface of Pathology and Technology: Toward Precision Management.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: HER2-low breast cancer has emerged as a clinically meaningful category that challenges the historical HER2-positive versus HER2-negative classification. Although not defined as a distinct biological subtype, HER2-low tumors exhibit unique clinicopathological features and differential sensitivity to novel antibody-drug conjugates. Accurate identification remains difficult due to limitations in immunohistochemistry performance, inter-observer variability, intratumoral heterogeneity, and dynamic shifts in HER2 expression over time. This review synthesizes current evidence on the biological and clinical characteristics of HER2-low breast cancer and evaluates emerging diagnostic innovations, with emphasis on liquid biopsy approaches and evolving technologies that m

SUBMITTER: Shekari F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12838288 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature