Access to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices and their associations with waterborne diseases and malnutrition in Ibrahim Kodbuur District, Hargeisa, Somaliland: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

In low-resource environments like Somaliland, where insufficient infrastructure leads to high rates of hunger and waterborne illnesses, access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is crucial for health. WASH practices in Ibrahim Kodbuur District, Hargeisa, were evaluated in this study in order to find gaps, guide solutions that support Sustainable Development Goal 6, and their links to health outcomes, including child malnutrition.

Methods

Ninety-seven households chosen through multi-stage cluster sampling participated in a cross-sectional community-based survey that was carried out between June and August 2025. Data on sociodemographic, WASH access, and health outcomes were collected using WHO-adapted questionnaires and visual assessments. Nutritional status

SUBMITTER: Awais L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12838488 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature