Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage Polarization: Comparison of Matrix-Bound and Small Extracellular Vesicles.

ABSTRACT: Macrophages play a crucial role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. Depending on environmental cues, they polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory, pro-regenerative M2 phenotypes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication and immune modulation. This study investigates the effects of matrix-bound vesicles (MBVs) and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) on human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in vitro. Both MBVs and sEVs reduced pro-inflammatory activation of M1 macrophages, downregulating the expression of CXCL10 and CD86 while increasing the M2 marker CD206. MBVs exerted a stronger suppressive effe

SUBMITTER: Klyucherev TO 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12838643 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature