Diagnostic Performance of ChatGPT-5 for Detecting Pediatric Pneumothorax on Chest Radiographs: A Multi-Prompt Evaluation.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: Chest radiography is the primary first-line imaging tool for diagnosing pneumothorax in pediatric emergency settings. However, interpretation under clinical pressures such as high patient volume may lead to delayed or missed diagnosis, particularly for subtle cases. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ChatGPT-5, a multimodal large language model, in detecting and localizing pneumothorax on pediatric chest radiographs using multiple prompting strategies. Methods: In this retrospective study, 380 pediatric chest radiographs (190 pneumothorax cases and 190 matched controls) from a tertiary hospital were interpreted using ChatGPT-5 with three prompting strategies: instructional, role-based, and clinical-context. Performance metrics, i

SUBMITTER: Wang CH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12839758 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature