Sex and Gender Aspects in Vestibular Disorders: Current Knowledge and Emerging Perspectives-A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: As precision medicine advances, attention to sex and gender determinants across epidemiological and clinical domains has intensified. However, in the audio-vestibular field, knowledge on sex- and gender-related aspects remains relatively limited. The main aim of this review has been to analyze the available gender medicine-based evidence in vestibular disorders. In particular, our investigation considered the following: (i) pathophysiology and clinical presentation, including differences in predominant signs and symptoms, diagnostic modalities and findings, underlying biological mechanisms associated with vestibular disorders across sex-specific groups; (ii) prognostic variables, including response to treatment, recovery rates, and long-term functional outcome

SUBMITTER: Franz L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12839779 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature