Effect of Smoking on Subgingival Microbiome in Chronic Periodontitis: A 16S rRNA Sequencing Study.

ABSTRACT: Background: Smoking has a detrimental effect on the periodontal condition. Smoking intensity has recently been considered as a criterion for grading periodontitis cases. However, the influence of smoking intensity on the subgingival microbial community has not been evaluated in depth. This cross-sectional analytical study aims to assess the differences in the subgingival microbiome in adult patients with chronic periodontitis and different smoking habits (heavy smokers versus moderate smokers versus non-smokers). Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were grouped according to their daily smoking intensity as follows: group I (smoke ≥ 10 cigarettes/day), group II (smoke < 10 cigarettes/day), and non-smokers (group III). For each patient, samples from sub

SUBMITTER: Alblowi JA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12840093 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature