Changes in the Amino Acid Composition of Bee-Collected Pollen During 15 Months of Storage in Fresh-Frozen and Dried Forms.

ABSTRACT: Bee pollen (BP) is a nutritionally valuable natural product whose biological activity is strongly influenced by its amino acid profile. This study evaluated qualitative and quantitative changes in free amino acids in Lithuanian BP subjected to freezing (-20 °C and -80 °C) or low-temperature drying and stored for 15 months. Seventeen amino acids, including all nine essential amino acids, were identified using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, accounting for 47-48% of the total amino acid content (TAAC). Arginine, proline, and aspartic acid were the predominant free amino acids. Both frozen and dried samples showed a statistically significant decrease in TAAC after nine months of storage (p < 0.05), resulting in a 1.5-1.7-fold reduction after prolonged storage. Frozen storage at -20 °C and -80 °C bett

SUBMITTER: Braciuliene A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12840115 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature