Production of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Metabolites by Penicillium crustosum Using Lemon Peel as a Co-Substrate in Submerged Fermentation.

ABSTRACT: Fungal secondary metabolites are valuable sources of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials. This study evaluated the submerged fermentation of Penicillium crustosum OR889307 supplemented with lemon peel as a co-substrate to enhance the production of bioactive compounds. Lemon peel was selected for its phenolic precursors and sustainable availability as an agro-industrial byproduct. Crude extracts, aqueous and organic fractions, and molecular-weight partitions were assessed for antioxidant activity using the DPPH assay and for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Semi-purified extracts from co-substrate fermentations exhibited e

SUBMITTER: Nunez-Serrano A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12840410 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature