Hydrogel Versus Alternative Vehicles for (Trans)dermal Delivery of Propranolol Hydrochloride-In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies.

ABSTRACT: The development of advanced macromolecular systems with tailored structural and functional properties is a key objective in modern materials science, particularly for biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery. In this study, hydrogel (HG), a polymer-based formulation, was investigated as a functional carrier for the enhanced intradermal and transdermal delivery of propranolol hydrochloride (PRO-HCl), a highly water-soluble model compound, and its potential was compared to other vehicles easily obtained by pharmacists: ointment (OM), liposomal cream (LCR), and microemulsion (ME). The formulations were characterized by their physicochemical and rheological characteristics, and evaluated in vitro and ex vivo using vertical diffusion cells equipped with synthetic membranes, intact

SUBMITTER: Bubic Pajic N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12840661 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature