Transcriptomic Signatures of Immune Suppression and Cellular Dysfunction Distinguish Latent from Transcriptionally Active HIV-1 Infection in Dendritic Cells.

ABSTRACT: Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for antiviral immunity but are also susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Although sensing and restriction pathways in DCs are well described, the mechanisms underlying latent infection and its functional consequences remain unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptomic profiling of monocyte-derived DCs harboring transcriptionally active (Active-HIV) or latent HIV-1 (Latent-HIV) proviruses using a dual-reporter virus. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed suppression of metabolic and stress-modulatory programs in Active-HIV compared to unexposed DCs. In contrast, Latent-HIV showed broad downregulation of pathways, including interferon and innate responses and metabolic programs, indicating a hyporesponsive and dampened antiviral state despite the absence

SUBMITTER: Man S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12840845 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature