Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of Adding Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation to a Pain Education and Exercise Program in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To estimate the preliminary effects of adding percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) to a pain education and exercise program on pain sensitization, function, and psychological factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), compared with adding a control transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) intervention or sham PENS. Feasibility, safety, and the success of participant blinding were also evaluated. Methods: Thirty patients with KOA were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: PENS, control TENS, or sham PENS. All interventions were delivered in addition to a program comprising four pain education sessions and a structured 12-week exercise plan. Primary outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoa

SUBMITTER: Rodriguez-Lagos L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12841921 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature