Effect of thermoformed tray architecture on transfer accuracy of lingual brackets: A prospective clinical study.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

This prospective clinical study assessed whether thermoformed transfer tray architecture influences in-vivo positional fidelity of lingual brackets during indirect bonding, and whether the resulting deviations remain within clinically acceptable limits.

Methods

A fully digital indirect bonding workflow was used. Bracket positions were planned on a virtual setup, and transfer trays were fabricated by thermoforming on 3D-printed models. Four tray designs were tested clinically under routine full-arch lingual bonding: a single-layer rigid tray (SR1) and three bilayer trays with a flexible inner liner of increasing thickness (BL1, BL2, BL3). After bonding, each bracket was digitized and superimposed onto the planned position using a local bracket-based coordinate sy

SUBMITTER: Nguyen VA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12843598 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature