A Review on Modified Montmorillonite-Based Catalysts for Biofuel and Recycled Carbon Fuel Production.

ABSTRACT: The maritime transport sector's reliance on fossil-based fuels remains a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable alternatives such as marine biofuels. Thermochemical pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste represents a promising route for producing renewable and recycled marine fuel feedstocks. This review provides an integrated analysis of the full production and upgrading chain, encompassing pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and polymer-derived resources, catalytic upgrading, and qualitative evaluation of product distribution and yield trends. Particular emphasis is placed on montmorillonite-based catalysts as naturally abundant, low-cost, and environmentally benign alternatives to conventional zeolites. The review systematical

SUBMITTER: Mecelti OM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12843678 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature