A Meta-Analysis of Influencing Factors for Reinfection of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China, Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates.

ABSTRACT: Background: Numerous studies have reported on the epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) reinfection and its potential influencing factors; however, findings regarding reinfection rates as well as determinants such as gender, age, residence, and pathogens remain inconsistent. Due to this heterogeneity in reported outcomes, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis are warranted to consolidate existing evidence. Methods: Effect estimates were expressed as reinfection rates, odds ratio (OR)/hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). When necessary, data were converted to ensure consistency across comparison groups. Results: A thorough search was carried out using the predetermined literature retrieval approach across the PubMed, Web of Sc

SUBMITTER: Ge A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12844915 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature