Drug-Loaded Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery: Advances, Loading Strategies, Therapeutic Applications, and Clinical Challenges.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized carriers with high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and the ability to cross biological barriers, making them attractive for drug delivery. Despite growing interest, the clinical translation of drug-loaded EVs remains limited. This systematic review aimed to summarize current evidence on EV sources, loading strategies, therapeutic applications, and translational challenges. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in Embase, PubMed, Reaxys, and Scopus for the period 2020-2025. Eligible studies included original articles on drug-loaded EVs from human, animal, plant, or other sources. Data on EV source, drug type, particle size, loading method, administration route, and th

SUBMITTER: Dieu LL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12845221 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature