Prioritizing Pharmaceuticals for Environmental Monitoring in Greece: A Comprehensive Review of Consumption, Occurrence, and Ecological Risk.

ABSTRACT: Pharmaceuticals are increasingly recognized as contaminants of emerging concern, yet monitoring strategies often do not reflect actual consumption patterns or ecological risk. Greece presents a particularly relevant case due to high pharmaceutical use and fragmented monitoring data. In the present study, 359 pharmaceuticals, metabolites, and transformation products were reviewed, as reported in monitoring studies in Greek wastewater, surface waters, and drinking water. Consumption data (from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD), environmental occurrence (from 55 studies), and ecotoxicity thresholds (i.e., from the NORMAN Database) were integrated to calculate risk quotients (RQs) and assess monitoring gaps. RQ values were derived for 241 compounds: 38 (16%) hig

SUBMITTER: Chatzipanagiotou KR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12845719 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature