Organic Acids for Lignin and Hemicellulose Extraction from Black Liquor: A Comparative Study in Structure Analysis and Heavy Metal Adsorption Potential.

ABSTRACT: This study presents a method for extracting lignin and hemicellulose from black liquor using organic acids (citric, malic, and acetic) in comparison to the traditional sulfuric acid method. We investigated and compared the influence of the acid type on the structural properties of the resulting precipitates in the context of their potential applications. The lignin fractions were characterized for their chemical structure (ATR-FTIR, NMR), thermal stability (TGA), morphology and surface elemental composition (SEM-EDS), bulk elemental composition (C, H, N, S), and molecular weight distribution (GPC). The hemicellulose fractions were analyzed for their molecular weight (GPC), surface elemental composition (EDS), and chemical structure (ATR-FTIR). These analyses revealed subtle differences in

SUBMITTER: Miros-Kudra P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12845765 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature