Cognitive Flexibility and Inhibition Deficits in HIV and Cocaine Dependence: Evidence from Stroop and Trail Making Tests.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To better define potential executive function difficulties in individuals living with HIV but not clinically identified as having HAND, with and without mild to moderate cocaine dependence (CD), our cross-sectional study examined executive function performance on the Stroop Color-Word Test (Stroop) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) in four groups stratified by HIV and CD status.

Method

We recruited 101 participants (26 HIV+/CD+; 18 HIV+/CD-; 30 HIV-/CD+; 27 HIV-/CD-). We utilized a 2 (HIV: yes/no) × 2 (Cocaine: yes/no) MANCOVA while controlling for age and premorbid intelligence on the Stroop trials (i.e., color-naming, word-reading, interference), and TMT-A and TMT-B z-scores, number of errors, and the B/A ratio.

Results

HIV was associated with significantly

SUBMITTER: Nigro SE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12846368 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature