Enduring constraints on grammar revealed by Bayesian spatiophylogenetic analyses.

ABSTRACT: Human languages show astonishing variety, yet their diversity is constrained by recurring patterns. Linguists have long argued over the extent and causes of these grammatical 'universals'. Using Grambank-a comprehensive database of grammatical features across the world's languages-we tested 191 proposed universals with Bayesian analyses that account for both genealogical descent and geographical proximity. We find statistical support for about a third of the proposed linguistic universals. The majority of these concern word order and hierarchical universals: two types that have featured prominently in earlier work. Evolutionary analyses show that languages tend to change in ways that converge on these preferred patterns. This suggests that, despite the vast design space of possible grammar

SUBMITTER: Verkerk A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12846912 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature