Rice-eel system combined with exogenous organic waste improves soil quality under nitrogen deficiency by regulating soil microbial community.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The rice-eel system, a cultivation method integrating aquatic animals with rice, offers ecological and agronomic advantages, yet its long-term effects of substituting chemical fertilizers with straw or organic fertilizers on soil properties remain unclear.

Aims

This study aimed to quantify the effects of organic waste substitutions within the rice-eel system on soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities.

Methods

A 2016-established field experiment on sandy loam soil under rice-fallow rotation, and soil samples (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths) were taken in March 2025. The study included five treatments: conventional fertilization (100%) without eel (RT), conventional fertilization (100%) + eel (IRT), 70% chemical fertilization + eel (I70), 70% c

SUBMITTER: Pei Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12847270 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature