Adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: real-world data and 9-year extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Most adjuvant therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have failed except for autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) therapy, which prolonged recurrence-free survival (RFS) in a previously reported randomized controlled trial (RCT) and real-world data (RWD).

Methods

This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of adjuvant CIK therapy using both an extended follow-up of the original RCT and a retrospective cohort study. An extended follow-up analysis of the RCT included 226 patients (114 in the CIK group and 112 in the control group). The follow-up duration was extended from 2 to 9 years after the enrollment of the last patient. In parallel, a retrospective RWD study was performed involving 577 patients from two tertiary centers in Korea, including 251 w

SUBMITTER: Shin H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12847568 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature