GM-CSF improves the receptivity of thin endometrium by promoting glandular and stromal cell proliferation in mice and humans.

ABSTRACT: Thin endometrium (TE, ≤7 mm) is widely recognized as a critical cause of infertility, recurrent pregnancy losses, and placental abnormalities. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a crucial role in tissue repair, but its effect on endometrial regeneration has been less investigated. We employed a thin endometrium mouse model established through unilateral 95% ethanol injury in an animal study and thin endometrium patients in a parallel clinical study. Both mice and patients were randomly apportioned into two groups: the Saline group and the GM-CSF group. We demonstrate that GM-CSF significantly increases endometrium thickness and gland number, promotes the proliferation of stromal cells, and improves the number of embryo implantation sites in the mouse model (P <

SUBMITTER: Xie J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12848295 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature