The eye-mind connection: a systematic review of retinal biomarkers and ocular signatures in major psychiatric disorders.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and dementia are increasingly associated with specific ocular and retinal abnormalities. These associations may reflect shared neurovascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative mechanisms, yet findings remain scattered and understudied. This systematic review synthesizes existing evidence on ocular and retinal pathologies across major psychiatric conditions, highlighting common retinal biomarkers that may inform future screening strategies.

Methods

Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted. Meta-analysis was initially planned but deemed infeasible due to significant methodological and reporting heterogeneity amon

SUBMITTER: Motamedi R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12849257 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature