Comparative evaluation of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Grok in clinical decision-making and general knowledge assessment for impacted maxillary canines.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study aimed to compare extraction versus orthodontic eruption decisions for impacted maxillary canines made by three artificial intelligence-based chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, and Grok) with those made by orthodontist raters, and to evaluate the overall accuracy of these artificial intelligence-generated recommendations.

Methods

Thirty-three patients with impacted maxillary canines were selected, and standardized case scenarios incorporating key diagnostic parameters were presented to the three chatbots. Their treatment decisions were recorded and compared with orthodontists' consensus decisions. Additionally, 10 general queries regarding impacted maxillary canines were submitted to the chatbots. The responses were rated by three orthodontists using a modified 5

SUBMITTER: Sabah GA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12849713 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature