Causal relationship between matrix metalloproteinases and diabetic retinopathy: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

ABSTRACT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been increasingly recognized as potential contributors or mediators in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nevertheless, the relationships among MMPs and the risk of DR have not been definitively elucidated and still require further investigation. The bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were implemented to evaluate the causal effect of MMPs (specifically, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12, MMP-13, MMP-14, MMP-16, and MMP-17) on DR. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) served as the primary MR method, accompanied by sensitivity analyses to verify the result stability. In the forward MR analyses, genetically predicted MMP-7 was associated with an increased risk of DR (IVW: odds ratio = 1.15; 95%

SUBMITTER: Qiu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12851680 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature