Exploring causality between educational attainment and frailty: A Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis.

ABSTRACT: As a key marker of socioeconomic standing, educational attainment (EA) has been implicated in multiple disease processes. Nevertheless, the extent to which EA causally contributes to frailty is still uncertain. This study sought to investigate whether EA exerts a causal influence on frailty and to explore the mediating roles of related risk factors. A Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to evaluate the potential relationship between EA and frailty. Two frailty-related phenotypes, the frailty index and frailty phenotype, were selected as the primary outcomes. Two frailty-related traits were additionally selected as secondary outcomes, and including walking pace and physical inactivity. Multivariable Mendelian randomization was used to assess the mediating effects of smoking and B

SUBMITTER: Liu S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12851691 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature