Sex-specific Serum Biomarker Associations with Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes in Depressive Disorders.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study examined whether baseline levels of 14 serum biomarkers predicted antidepressant remission differently by sex at 12 weeks and 12 months.

Methods

In a prospective cohort, 1,086 outpatients with depressive disorders received stepwise antidepressant treatment following a naturalistic protocol. Baseline serum samples were analyzed for biomarkers from six systems: immune (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-4, interleukin-10), metabolic (leptin, ghrelin, total cholesterol), neurotrophic (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), neurotransmitter (serotonin), endocrine (cortisol), and nutritional (folate, homocysteine). Remission, defined as a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores ≤ 7, wa

SUBMITTER: Kim JM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12854124 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature