Multiphoton Absorption Spectra of Channelrhodopsin-2 via Multiscale Simulation Methods.

ABSTRACT: Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is a light-gated ion channel widely used in optogenetics, a technique that enables precise control of neuronal activity by genetically engineering light-sensitive proteins into cell membranes. This protein exists in dimeric form, with each monomer containing a retinal Schiff base (RSB) moiety covalently bonded that undergoes trans-cis isomerization upon light absorption. However, the limited penetration depth of visible light in biological tissues motivates the use of multiphoton-absorption techniques, which enhance tissue penetration, improve focality, and reduce phototoxicity, thereby offering a promising alternative for optogenetic applications. In this paper, we present a fully atomistic multiscale methodology for computing the one-, two-, and three-photon abs

SUBMITTER: Carrasco-Busturia D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12854767 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature