The supernatant of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> 25 is more effective than extracellular vesicles in alleviating ulcerative colitis and improving intestinal barrier function.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) has been reported to attenuate ulcerative colitis (UC) and restore intestinal barrier integrity. However, it remains unclear whether culture supernatant or extracellular vesicles (EVs) are more effective.

Methods

UC was induced in mice to compare the effects of L. plantarum 25 (LP25) supernatant and EVs on disease severity, survival, and tight junction protein expression. Gut microbiota and metabolism were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. In vitro, LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells and a Caco-2/RAW 264.7 co-culture model were used to evaluate barrier integrity, immune responses, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation.

Results

Compared with EVs, LP25 supernatant signi

SUBMITTER: Gong S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12855493 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature