Beyond conventional therapies: Gut microbiota modulation and macromolecular drugs in the battle against cardiometabolic diseases.

ABSTRACT: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) represent an ongoing major global health challenge, driven by complex interactions among genetic, environmental, microbiome-related, and other factors. While small-molecule drugs and lifestyle interventions can provide clinical benefits, they are possible to be constrained by the limited druggability of key target proteins, the potential risks of off-target effects, and difficulties in maintaining long-term adherence. In recent years, gut microbiota modulation and macromolecular drugs have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies. Gut microbiota modulation (e.g., probiotics, synbiotics, or natural products) exerts systemic metabolic and immune effects, supporting a therapeutic approach targeting multiple diseases. Meanwhile, macromolecular drugs (e.g., pe

SUBMITTER: Wang J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12856313 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature