Gestational and early childhood air pollution exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Exposure to ambient air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and elemental carbon, has been associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, but research on early childhood outcomes is limited.

Objective

This study examined the associations between gestational and early childhood exposures to PM_2.5 and NO₂ and child developmental outcomes measured at ages 1, 2, and 3 years.

Methods

In the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort, we used spatiotemporal models to estimate the concentration of each air pollutant at participants' home addresses during early brain development. Neurodevelopmental outcom

SUBMITTER: Berninger C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12857618 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan-Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature