Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Forceps, Vacuum, and Second-Stage Cesarean Delivery.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Prior studies have compared neurodevelopmental outcomes across delivery modes that are not interchangeable (eg, operative vs spontaneous vaginal delivery [SVD]), limiting the clinical utility of their conclusions.

Objective

To examine the association between mode of operative delivery in the second stage of labor and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID) in children.

Design, setting, and participants

This population-based, retrospective cohort study used data from health administrative databases from British Columbia, Canada, from April 1, 2000, to December 31, 2019. The population included 504 380 nonanomalous, singleton, full-term infants who survived and did not emigrate during t

SUBMITTER: Rajasingham M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12859721 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature