Water Relationships of Whey Permeate Powders.

ABSTRACT: Water relationships are developed for whey protein permeate powders based on an analysis of the composition, structural organization, and thermal properties of three commercial whey permeate powders (WPPs). On the basis of microscopic analysis, a two-phase model of permeate powders with two types of particle morphologies is proposed: (1) particles consisting of small lactose crystallites dispersed in a continuous amorphous phase consisting of lactose and all non-lactose constituents and (2) particles consisting of one or a few large lactose crystals with a thin, discontinuous amorphous surface layer. The amorphous fraction of the WPPs is characterized by a low glass transition temperature even at very low water activities and is furthermore strongly plasticized by water. The amorphous frac

SUBMITTER: Peng TB 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12859738 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature