Injury and local injection and the risk of foot/ankle osteoarthritis: a case-control study in retired UK male professional footballers.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine whether foot/ankle injury and injection contribute to the risk of foot/ankle OA in retired UK male professional footballers.

Methods

This was a case-control study among retired UK male footballers, in which cases reported General Practitioner-diagnosed foot/ankle OA or forefoot/ankle surgery after retirement, and controls reported neither. Injury was defined as significant foot/ankle injury with pain for most days over 3 months during their career. Injection was defined as injection of corticosteroids or other agents into foot/ankle joints during their career. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) and 95% CIs were estimated to

SUBMITTER: Thanoon AA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12862397 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature