Bladder-sparing strategies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after bacillus Calmette-Guerin failure: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is typically managed with transurethral resection and intravesical instillation therapy. For patients with high-risk NMIBC after failure of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, radical cystectomy and urinary diversion are the standard of care, which can be associated with a high morbidity and impaired quality of life. Developing efficacious bladder-sparing strategies is an unmet need for such patients. We conducted a systematic review of prospective interventional studies on NMIBC after BCG failure.

Methods and analysis

We comprehensively searched the Cochrane Database, PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify prospective studies on NMIBC after BCG failure from their inception up to June 2025. Search results were summa

SUBMITTER: Soma T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12863323 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature