The cost and cost drivers of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: a bottom-up costing study of rollouts in seven countries.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

While COVID-19 vaccines were crucial in containing the pandemic, there is limited evidence on the cost of delivering them in low- and middle-income countries. We estimated the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh, Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, the Philippines, Uganda, and Vietnam.

Methods

We retrospectively estimated the financial and economic cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery from a payer perspective, using a bottom-up approach. Cost data were collected from 290 sites, while qualitative interviews were conducted with 192 key informants. We estimated volume-weighted average costs per dose in 2022 USD, for introduction phases, delivery modalities, and strategies.

Results

The financial cost per dose ranged fr

SUBMITTER: Moi F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12863507 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature