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ABSTRACT: Introduction
Low-titer O positive whole blood (LTOWB) has been introduced in prehospital care to resuscitate patients; however, the logistical obstacles, cost of carrying LTOWB, and the availability of it in trauma situations are a point of concern. Therefore, fluids, like lactated Ringer's (LR) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES), have been considered alternatives to LTOWB transfusion. Unfortunately, they dilute plasma proteins in the circulation and have unfavorable side effects. This study presents an alternative, a protein cocktail (PC). The PC combines human serum albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin. This study compares the ability to resuscitate from hemorrhagic shock (HS) with whole blood (WB), LR, 6% HES, and PC.Methods
Unanesthetized golden Syrian hamsters i
SUBMITTER: Munoz CJ
PROVIDER: S-EPMC12863591 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature