Long-Term Trends in the Global Burden of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Sex Differences, Aging Effects, and Future Projections in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible vision loss in middle-aged and older populations worldwide. Understanding its long-term epidemiological trends is essential for anticipating future healthcare needs and guiding preventive strategies. This study characterizes the global, regional, and national burden of AMD in adults aged ≥45 years, with a focus on sex disparities, aging effects, and projected trends.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analyzed the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of AMD across age, sex, region, country, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) groups. We applied an age-period-cohort model to disentangle the effects of aging, temporal changes, and birth cohort on

SUBMITTER: Li Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12863732 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature