Serum tumor necrosis factor-α levels in migraine: a registry for migraine (REFORM) study.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) has been implicated in neurobiologic mechanisms of migraine, yet its role across migraine subtypes remains insufficiently characterized.

Objectives

To compare serum TNF-α levels in adults with migraine, including specific subgroups, and healthy controls (HCs).

Methods

In this cross-sectional, single-center study, adults diagnosed with migraine and sex-matched HCs were enrolled. Blood was drawn once from the antecubital vein, and serum TNF-α concentrations were measured using an ultrasensitive immunoassay. The primary outcome was the difference in TNF-α levels between all participants with migraine and HCs. Secondary outcomes included comparisons across migraine subgroups by aura (with vs without aura), chronicity (episo

SUBMITTER: Tesfay B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12863914 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature