The Decline in Influenza Antibody Titers and Modifiers of Vaccine Immunity from over Ten Years of Serological Data.

ABSTRACT: Annual influenza vaccination is the cornerstone for seasonal protection, yet antibody responses are highly variable across individuals and over time. To systematically assess the determinants of this heterogeneity, we compiled 20,449 hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization titers from 4,540 participants enrolled in 14 new vaccine studies we conducted and 50 prior studies that collectively span 2010-2023. Seasonal effects dominated, with pre- and post-vaccination titers declining steadily from 2017 onwards, outweighing the influence of age, sex, or repeated vaccination. Titers to B Yamagata remained steady throughout all years examined, suggesting unique durability and offering a reason for lineage extinction. Vaccine timing emerged as a strong and previously underappreciated determi

SUBMITTER: Fenoy E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12870563 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature