Aggregation favors singlet formation in TES-ADT triplet annihilator for photon upconversion.

ABSTRACT: Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA)-mediated photon upconversion (UC) offers a promising route for transforming low-energy photons into higher-energy ones under low-power, incoherent excitation, with applications in photovoltaics, bioimaging, 3D printing, etc. However, a central constraint on UC efficiency is the limited spin-statistical factor (f), which dictates the yield of singlet state formation and is especially challenging in the desirable far-red/NIR spectral range. Here, we explore a new approach of tuning the annihilator's f factor through controlled aggregation. The study covers a systematic investigation of triethylsilyl-substituted anthradithiophene (TES-ADT) annihilator solutions across a range of concentrations, complemented by studies on a neat TES-ADT f

SUBMITTER: Lekavicius J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12871387 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature