Immunophenotyping TCF1-expressing TILs: spatial profiling and prognostic value in operable non-small cell lung cancer.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The spatial distribution and functional heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) significantly impact patient outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While T cell factor 1 (TCF1) expressing TILs have emerged as key players in sustaining anti-tumor immunity, their subset characterization, localization, and clinical significance within the tumor microenvironment remain poorly defined.

Method

We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to characterize TCF1⁺ immune cell subsets, in 102 NSCLC tumors, separately analyzing the tumor center (TC) and invasive front (IF). We integrated this data with publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets and clinical outcome analyses.

Results

CD4⁺ T c

SUBMITTER: Ntostoglou K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12872492 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature