A high-throughput, flow cytometry approach to measure phase behavior and exchange in biomolecular condensates.

ABSTRACT: Biomolecular condensates are essential for cellular organization, yet their formation dynamics and molecular content exchange properties remain poorly understood. Here we show that flow cytometry provides a high-throughput, solution-based platform for analyzing condensate behavior at the single-droplet level. Using self-interacting NPM1 condensates as a model, we demonstrate that this approach quantifies phase behavior across protein and salt conditions, measures the partitioning of diverse macromolecules-including antibodies, lipids, small-molecule drugs, and RNA-and detects molecular colocalization with high statistical precision. Importantly, we establish a high-throughput assay to track real-time molecular exchange between preformed condensates and newly added, orthogonally tagged prot

SUBMITTER: He Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12873376 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature