Modeling primary immunotherapy resistance in metastatic bladder cancer: a syngeneic, bioluminescent mouse model.

ABSTRACT: Approximately 90% of bladder cancer deaths are due to distant metastases rather than local tumor effects. The current first-line systemic treatment for metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) is chemoimmunotherapy or immunotherapy with pembrolizumab plus enfortumab vedotin (EV). However, most mBC patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy or pembrolizumab/EV do not respond or eventually relapse, highlighting the critical need for robust immunocompetent animal models to elucidate the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance. We previously generated a syngeneic murine cell line CMV-TRP (triple knockout of Trp53, Rb1, Pten) via ex vivo transduction with adenovirus (Ad5CMVCre). To establish an mBC model, the TKO cells were effectively labeled with a lentiviral luciferase and GFP double-expressing r

SUBMITTER: Xu D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12879323 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature