Molecular Surveillance, Evolution, and Vaccine Strain Match of the <i>HA</i> and <i>NA</i> Genes of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Virus Circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT: Influenza viruses are characterized by their high mutation rates which require continuous molecular surveillance to ensure the annual effectiveness of influenza vaccines. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular evolution and vaccine match of the 2009 pandemic (A(H1N1) pdm09) virus circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 380 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected during the 2020-2023 winter seasons from patients with influenza-like illness. Influenza A virus (IAV) detection, typing, and amplification of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes were achieved using one-step RT-PCR. The full-length HA and NA genes of 14 selected A(H1N1) pdm09 isolates were sequenced and used for sequence and phylogenetic analysis, which also inclu

SUBMITTER: Aljowaie RM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12897650 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature