Cytotoxicity of Root Canal Sealers and Potential Clinical Implications: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.

ABSTRACT: Background: Root canal sealers may come into direct contact with periapical tissues, particularly in cases of apical extrusion, potentially influencing periapical healing and treatment outcomes. Cytotoxicity assessment represents a clinically relevant parameter when selecting endodontic sealers. However, evidence derived from in vitro studies remains heterogeneous and challenging to interpret from a clinical perspective. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of all root canal sealers that have been commercially marketed over the years, excluding experimental materials, and to contextualize the findings in relation to clinically relevant experimental conditions. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according

SUBMITTER: Piscopo M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12897702 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature