Integrating network pharmacology and transcriptomics to reveal the therapeutic effect of Long Mu Ning Xin Decoction on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by regulating cAMP and PI3K/AKT pathways.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Long Mu Ning Xin Decoction (LMNXD) shows established clinical efficacy against ADHD, yet its mechanistic basis is not fully elucidated.

Objective

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of LMNXD for ADHD and explores its underlying mechanisms of action.

Methods

Thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs/NCrl) were randomly divided into five groups: a model (SHR) group, low-, medium-, and high-dose LMNXD (LMNXD-LD, LMNXD-MD, LMNXD-HD)groups, and a methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) group. Additionally, six Wistar Kyoto (WKY/NCrl) rats were designated as the control group.Behavioral performance was assessed using the open field test and Morris

SUBMITTER: Ren X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12901447 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature